Sole Proprietorship Essay Example for Free

Sole Proprietorship Essay Firstly Mr. Rajkumar must understand that a limited company is a type of company which when set-up allows an entrepreneur to keep their own assets and finances separate from the business itself. This means that people who have invested in the business (the shareholders) are only responsible for any company debts up-to the amount that they have invested and no more. It is therefore a good way for a business to get investment without risk to a personal wealth. Since, Mr Raj wishes to shift from a sole proprietorship firm to a private one, an agreement has to be executed between the sole proprietor and the private limited company (once it is incorporated) for the sale of the business. In this process, for his guidance, I would list down below mentioned points regarding the pros and cons of shifting to a private limited firm:- * For a start, there is unlimited liability of business debts in a Sole Proprietorship, and which extends to even the private assets of the individual. In contrast, in a private limited company, the liability is limited to the extent of shares held but not paid. * In terms of the staff, just one person that’s the entrepreneur is sufficient to qualify for a valid Sole Proprietorship, while a minimum of two and maximum of 50 people are required for registration as a private listed company. * There is no separate legal entity for the venture, with the sole entrepreneur listed under Sole Proprietorship. In contrast, a private listed company has a corporate identity distinct from its individual members. * A Sole Proprietorship requires no registration before its starts operating. In contrast, a Private Company must be incorporated before the Registrar of companies so that it could be covered under legislation like service tax, professional tax, Provident Fund, ESI etc as applicable. * There is no charter document for the single-entrepreneur venture while a listed company needs to have a Memorandum and Articles of Association. * Property under sole proprietorship belongs to the individual. In case of a privately listed entity, the company owns the physical assets. * Since the individual and the sole proprietorship share the same identity, the individual can sue or be sued by concerned parties. In contrast, a company can sue or be sued only in its own name since it is a legally registered entity, independent of its members. * When it comes to taxation, a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual would be on his/her earnings under different slabs. In contrast, a privately incorporated entity will be taxed as a company. Guidance to formation: In order to set-up a Limited Company, there are a few criteria that first have to be satisfied. These are laid out by The Companies Act 2006. * Firstly, Mr Rajkumar must have director identification numbers (DIN) and digital signature certificates in place * Secondly the Company must be registered with Companies House. It is there to help entrepreneurs who are planning to set-up a limited company, it guides you through what is required by the government and offers a number of services to help new start-ups register their business and succeed in the marketplace with few suggested names * Once the name is approved, the next step is drafting the memorandum and articles of association (MoA and AoA). * After the MoA and AoA are prepared they must be printed and sent to the concerned registrar for vetting and to mark out objections, if any. * The last step is to pay the registration fee, which varies on the basis of the company’s authorized capital, after which the company gets registered as a private limited company under the Companies Act, 1956 and gets its certificate of incorporation. There are some more things that are required by a private limited company, like getting a permanent account number and a company seal, after it is registered. However, unlike a public limited company, a private company can begin its operation right after getting a certificate of incorporation and complete the rest of the formalities simultaneously.

Types of Website Buyers and their Impact on Your Bottom Line :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Types of Website Buyers and their Impact on Your Bottom Line Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com Different types of website buyers have different objectives and levels of experience. Knowing these differences can help you in getting the deal you want. As you begin your discussions with potential buyers, it's important to keep in mind that their goals and objectives can vary greatly. In general, website buyers can be classified into three major categories: strategic companies (both public and private), Private Investment Groups, and individual investors. Each website buyer type presents a unique set of advantages and disadvantages that can have great impact on the ultimate outcome of the sale. Understanding these differences can help you, both in your negotiations and in finding the best buyer to meet your personal goals. Strategic Companies Acquisitions by strategic buyers are generally driven by potential synergies between the acquirer and the target entity. For example, you may have a website that offers a product or service that is highly complementary to their product or service offering. Or, you may have an established website in a certain niche market that the acquirer has had difficulty penetrating. This focus on synergistic value may result in higher offers from this buyer group than from others, since the operational efficiencies that are created can provide immediate higher profitability and a more rapid return on investment for the buyer. Public and private strategic buyers differ in that the liquid market for public company shares may create a more aggressive valuation for public firms over those that are private. This may allow the publicly traded company to pay a premium price for your website, especially if you're willing to accept an all stock transaction. The company structure after the sale may also differ with a sale to a strategic buyer. For instance, unless management is viewed as absolutely critical to maintaining company performance, these buyers generally don't require that the active, selling shareholders remain with the company much past a short transition period (generally six months to a year). Also, depending upon the size of the target and the logistics involved, the buyer will oftentimes completely absorb the target company into its current operations, making the ability to relocate the target company an important consideration. An additional consideration for strategic buyers is the clarity of historical corporate records. Large buyers are particularly sensitive to possible liabilities (licensing issues, outstanding contracts, taxes, etc. Types of Website Buyers and their Impact on Your Bottom Line :: Sell Websites Buy Websites Types of Website Buyers and their Impact on Your Bottom Line Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com Different types of website buyers have different objectives and levels of experience. Knowing these differences can help you in getting the deal you want. As you begin your discussions with potential buyers, it's important to keep in mind that their goals and objectives can vary greatly. In general, website buyers can be classified into three major categories: strategic companies (both public and private), Private Investment Groups, and individual investors. Each website buyer type presents a unique set of advantages and disadvantages that can have great impact on the ultimate outcome of the sale. Understanding these differences can help you, both in your negotiations and in finding the best buyer to meet your personal goals. Strategic Companies Acquisitions by strategic buyers are generally driven by potential synergies between the acquirer and the target entity. For example, you may have a website that offers a product or service that is highly complementary to their product or service offering. Or, you may have an established website in a certain niche market that the acquirer has had difficulty penetrating. This focus on synergistic value may result in higher offers from this buyer group than from others, since the operational efficiencies that are created can provide immediate higher profitability and a more rapid return on investment for the buyer. Public and private strategic buyers differ in that the liquid market for public company shares may create a more aggressive valuation for public firms over those that are private. This may allow the publicly traded company to pay a premium price for your website, especially if you're willing to accept an all stock transaction. The company structure after the sale may also differ with a sale to a strategic buyer. For instance, unless management is viewed as absolutely critical to maintaining company performance, these buyers generally don't require that the active, selling shareholders remain with the company much past a short transition period (generally six months to a year). Also, depending upon the size of the target and the logistics involved, the buyer will oftentimes completely absorb the target company into its current operations, making the ability to relocate the target company an important consideration. An additional consideration for strategic buyers is the clarity of historical corporate records. Large buyers are particularly sensitive to possible liabilities (licensing issues, outstanding contracts, taxes, etc.

Regeneration’ and Kesey’s Essay

      However, McMurphy was only able to defeat the nurse from what he learned when she defeated him in his bid to change the television schedule. ‘Cheswick shows his hand higher and glares around. Scanlon shakes his head, and then raises his hand, keeping his elbow on the arm of the chair. And nobody else. McMurphy can’t say a word. ‘ In this defeat, McMurphy learns that he must convince the patients of an idea before being faced with the nurse; otherwise, the patients become frightened of her and lose their nerve. Once again, McMurphy attempted to change the TV schedule, but failed again due to technicalities such as the vote of the chronic patients, and the fact that the meeting had ended before McMurphy was able to get the majority vote so the motion was not carried. This incident formed a bond between the patients against the hospital staff, and they had gained an important ally in Dr Spivey, an unwary double agent. However, In Regeneration the patients of Craiglockhart do not treat staff as if they were afraid of them. The doctors and nurses of Craiglockhart are less authoritative and are lenient with the rules of conduct. ‘One of the VAD’s tugged at it. â€Å"There’s room for two in there,† she said, smiling, coaxing. â€Å"Have I to get in with you? â€Å"‘. The patients treat doctors with respect and are friendly towards other patients, however at times the patients appear to fear treatment. ‘†There’s no area of analgesia,† Rivers said to Sister Rogers. Prior snatched up the pad. â€Å"IF THAT MEANS IT HURT YES IT DID†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. On the other hand, in ‘One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest’ the patients treat nurse Ratched with minimal respect and some of the patients are very unprofessional in what they say and do to her and the other student nurses. It can be said that Craiglockhart is more civilised as a hospital, and nurse Ratched’s ward can be compared to a high school classroom where the patients are conspiring as to how they can defeat the nurse, similar to the way students may act together to outwit a teacher. Nurse Ratched constantly undermines her patients in front of one another to make them feel inadequate; almost emasculating them. ‘Right at your balls. No, that nurse aint some kinda monster chicken, buddy, what she is, is a ball-cutter. ‘ On the other hand, Rivers sees his patients as his equals and treats them with high regard, even though Rivers himself is more intelligent and qualified than almost all of the patients that he treats. Patients in Ratched’s ward also resent the ward itself and its confines, and wish they could escape the dreariness of it all. The irony of this is that most of the patients who complain are not committed and are only in the hospital voluntarily, so they could walk out of the door at a moment’s notice; however, the patients are unable to do this due to nurse Ratched making them feel inadequate and therefore unfit for society. When McMurphy discovers that it is the Nurse who decides how long a patient spends on the ward, he is beside himself with anger, directed mainly at the other acute patients for egging him along against the nurse, when all the while they knew that it would only get him committed for a longer period. Conversely, we are given the impression that all the patients at Craiglockhart are committed, however they all have the freedom to roam most of the institution and the outdoor facilities such as the golf course ‘Prior watched the amber lights winking in his beer. He was sitting in the shadowy corner of a pub in some sleazy district of Edinburgh. ‘ The patients are allowed to leave the hospital premises and are trusted to be responsible enough to return. In ‘One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest’, patients are not even allowed to leave the premises without an accompanied pass. This is needed in order for McMurphy to take a group of the patients and Dr Spivey, one of the resident doctors of the hospital, on a fishing trip later in the novel. The fishing trip was organised by McMurphy for a number of reasons that could only possibly be contrived by a person of sound mind. The first of these reasons is to deliver a blow to the nurse’s control over the patients and to show them that they are in fact free to do what they wish. His other incentives were money, which he acquired from the remainder of the funds from patients used hire the boat, and also the chance to spend some time alone with a woman who would be accompanying the men on the boat, something that we can presume McMurphy has not been able to do for a while now. During the fishing trip, we are able to see the effect of nurse Ratched’s enfeeblement of the patients when they enter the garage to buy fuel. The mechanics at the garage are taken aback by the sight of patients from a psychiatric institution, and the awkward exchanges between the doctor and the mechanics only make things worse. It is at this moment when McMurphy comes to the rescue of the patients and confronts the workers at the garage. ‘we’re every bloody one of us hot of the criminal-insane ward, on our way to San Quentin where they got better facilities to handle us. ‘ McMurphy lies and uses bravado to frighten the mechanics and empower the patients, who no longer feel as if they are the laughing stock of town and begin to order the workers around. This is an example of how mental illness is perceived in society at the time the book was set, and how the patients were able to overcome its stigma, if only for a short period. Their personal triumph was over once the patients had reached the fishing port and were confronted by sailors who took the opportunity to make suggestive jokes about the patients’ female companion, as they stood there helplessly, unable to defend her without the presence of McMurphy. In ‘Regeneration’, the reader encounters a similar stigma attached to mental illness. One particular case involves the character Prior, who is questioned about why he was not wearing his blue hospital badge. Prior retorts to Rivers’ question, stating that ‘I wasn’t wearing the badge because I was looking for a girl. Which – as you may or may not know – is not made easier by going around with a badge stuck on your chest saying I AM A LOONY. ‘ Prior assumes, perhaps from experience, that wearing his hospital badge would be a deterrent for women as nobody seems to jump at the opportunity to be involved with a mentally ill person. Another incident in involving the badge occurred with Sassoon when he went to the Conservative Club to meet Rivers. ‘looking at the young man in uniform evoked, and then – or perhaps he was being oversensitive? – with a slight ambivalence, a growing doubt, as they worked out what the blue badge on his tunic meant. ‘ Once again, the reader is presented with a situation in which people change their opinions when faced with an ‘outcast’ from society, someone who is irrational and is therefore supposed to be unacceptable to the general public. Near the end of ‘Regeneration’ Barker introduces another psychiatrist called Dr Lewis Yealland. He is similar to Rivers in that Yealland is also highly respected and acclaimed on his work; however, the underlying difference between the two characters is in the way they treat their patients. Where Rivers would tend towards having a conversation with the patient to solve the problem, Yealland prefers to cast a dominating presence to the patient, neglecting their views and suggestions. ‘†No†, Yealland said. â€Å"The time for more electrical treatment has not yet come; if it had I should give it to you. Suggestions are not wanted from you, they are not needed. â€Å"‘ Yealland does not allow patients to express themselves as he feels that any self-diagnosis by a patient is a threat to his judgement, and this is intolerable in his treatment. Yealland can be compared to nurse Ratched, in that both the characters require dominance in a situation and superiority over those under their jurisdiction. Another difference between Rivers and Yealland would be that Rivers, as mentioned before, endeavours to resolve the problem that the patient is suffering from, thus curing the patient of his illness, whereas Yealland merely addresses the symptom arising from the illness and treats the patient to rid them of this. He eradicates the symptom, while this is only the tip of the figurative iceberg, and neglects the patient’s psychological problem, which caused the symptom in the first place. In the novel, Yealland serves a larger purpose as a metaphor for the control that the government exerts over citizens, indifferent towards the voices of individuals, for example, the voice of Siegfried Sassoon, which was ignored and discredited by the government in the same way Yealland ignores and discredits his patients’ views. Yealland provides the reader with a clear, yet cleverly concealed allegorical view of the novel where the same concept is repeated for a greater effect on the reader’s opinion of both the presentation of mental illness and the way it is treated, and also the government’s approach to dealing with soldiers who cry out against the unjustness of war. Nearer the end of ‘One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest’, McMurphy throws a party one night for his farewell as he plans to break out of the ward and make his escape that night. The party is not sanctioned by the nurse who has no idea of its taking place, so McMurphy knows that he must leave otherwise he will be punished severely for his actions. On the night of the party McMurphy organises for a girl to come onto the ward and make love to Billy Bibbit, making him lose his virginity. McMurphy’s plan of escape fails and the nurse returns in the morning to find the atrocities that have taken place on her ward. She confronts Billy Bibbit about his actions, and he seems confident, however once the nurse threatens to informs Billy’s mother of his wrong doing Billy breaks down and pleads with her not to do so. ‘†Nuh! Nuh! † His mouth was working. He shook his head, begging her. â€Å"You d-don’t n-n-need! â€Å"‘ Billy is so disturbed by the prospect of his mother finding out about his actions, that he takes his own life shortly after the nurse confirms that she will inform his mother. After this event, the ward changes dramatically. Patients who were not committed begin to leave; Sefelt, Frederickson, even Harding. McMurphy was taken away for a lobotomy, which succeeded in calming him down, but it did so to the point where he would not fit the description of a mentally ill patient, but more of a breathing corpse. The Chief cannot stand to look at this change in McMurphy so he resorts to suffocating him in order to put out his suffering once and for all. On doing so, the Chief escapes the ward by picking up the control panel in the tub room and throwing it through the window. This mirrors the event where McMurphy attempted to lift the control panel, the difference being that the Chief succeeded where McMurphy failed by learning from him. This event is a representation of the book as a whole, where one man’s titanic struggle and failure managed to stimulate another man’s will to live, and as one circle of life draws to a close, a new one begins. Emile Khan – 1 – Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Ken Kesey section.

Barbara Jordan Quotes African American Congresswoman

Barbara Jordan (February 21, 1936  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ January 17, 1996) was a civil rights activist, lawyer, and politician. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she became active in politics working for John F. Kennedys presidential campaign in 1960. She later served in the Texas House of Representatives and in the Texas Senate, becoming the first black woman to be elected to the Texas Senate. She served as a U.S. Congresswoman from 1972-1978, where she also made history as the first woman elected in her own right to serve as a representative from Texas. In 1976, Jordan became the first African American to give a keynote address to the Democratic National Convention. She is also remembered for her speech during the Nixon impeachment hearings, which was widely praised for its content as well as her excellent rhetoric and delivery. After retiring from Congress, she taught at the University of Texas at Austin. The passenger terminal at Austins international airport is named in honor of Barbara Jordan. Selected Barbara Jordan Quotations †¢ The American dream is not dead. It is gasping for breath, but it is not dead. †¢ I never intended to become a run-of-the-mill person. †¢ A spirit of harmony can only survive if each of us remembers, when bitterness and self-interest seem to prevail, that we share a common destiny. †¢ One thing is clear to me: We, as human beings, must be willing to accept people who are different from ourselves. †¢ If youre going to play the game properly youd better know every rule. †¢ If you are politically inclined, you may be President of the United States. All my growth and development led me to believe that if you really do the right thing, and if you play by the rules, and if you’ve got good enough, solid judgment and common sense, that you’re going to be able to do whatever you want to do with your life. †¢ We the people -- it is a very eloquent beginning. But when the Constitution of the United States was completed on the seventeenth of September in 1787, I was not included in that We the people. I felt for many years that somehow George Washington and Alexander Hamilton just left me out by mistake. But through the process of amendment, interpretation, and court decision, I have finally been included in We the People. †¢ We cannot improve on the system of government handed down to us by the founders of the Republic, but we can find new ways to implement that system and realize our destiny. (from her 1976 speech at the Democratic National Convention †¢ Just remember the world is not a playground but a schoolroom. Life is not a holiday but an education. One eternal lesson for us all: to teach us how better we should love. †¢ We want to be in control of our lives. Whether we are jungle fighters, craftsmen, company men, gamesmen, we want to be in control. And when the government erodes that control, we are not comfortable. †¢ If the society today allows wrongs to go unchallenged, the impression is created that those wrongs have the approval of the majority. †¢ The imperative is to define what is right and do it. †¢ What the people want is very simple. They want an America as good as its promise. †¢ Justice of right is always to take precedence over might. †¢ I live a day at a time. Each day I look for a kernel of excitement. In the morning, I say: What is my exciting thing for today? Then, I do the day. Dont ask me about tomorrow. †¢ I believe that women have a capacity for understanding and compassion which a man structurally does not have, does not have it because he cannot have it. Hes just incapable of it. †¢ My faith in the Constitution is whole, it is complete, it is total. I am not going to sit here and be an idle spectator to the diminution, the subversion, the destruction of the Constitution. †¢ We only want, we only ask, that when we stand up and talk about one nation under God, liberty, justice for everybody, we only want to be able to look at the flag, put our right hand over our heats, repeat those words, and know that they are true. †¢ The majority of the American people still believe that every single individual in this country is entitled to just as much respect, just as much dignity, as every other individual. †¢ How do we create a harmonious society out of so many kinds of people? The key is tolerance - the one value that is indispensable in creating community. †¢ Do not call for black power or green power. Call for brain power. †¢ If I have anything special that makes me influential I simply dont know how to define it. If I knew the ingredients I would bottle them, package them and sell them, because I want everyone to be able to work together in a spirit of cooperation and compromise and accommodation without, you know, any caving in or anyone being woefully violated personally or in terms of his principles. †¢ I believed I was going to be a lawyer, or rather something called a lawyer, but I had no fixed notion of what that was. †¢ I dont know that I ever thought: How can I get out of this? I just know that there were some things that I did not want to be a part of my life, but I had no alternatives in mind at that point. Since I didnt see movies, and we didnt have television, and I didnt go any place with anybody else, how could I know anything else to consider †¢ I realized that the best training available in an all-black instant university was not equal to the best training one developed as a white university student. Separate was not equal; it just wasnt. No matter what kind of face you put on it or how many frills you attached to it, separate was not equal. I was doing sixteen years of remedial work in thinking. †¢ On why she retired from Congress after three terms: I felt more of a responsibility to the country as a whole, as contrasted with the duty of representing the half-million people in the Eighteenth Congressional District. I felt some necessity to address national issues. I thought that my role now was to be one of the voices in the country defining where we were, where we were going, what the policies were that were being pursued, and where the holes in those policies were. I felt that I was more in an instructive role than a legislative role. Sources Parham, Sandra, ed. Selected Speeches: Barbara C. Jordan. Howard University Press, 1999. Sherman, Max, ed. Barbara Jordan: Speaking the Truth with Eloquent Thunder. University of Texas Press, 2010.